Family Dental Services Ltd - Institutional Child Care Centers - Its Pros And Cons!
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Choosing the appropriate child care centre is something very important. Their childhood must seem very active and happy else they will get into troubles like increased insecurity, excessive demand for attention, separation anxiety and behavioral problems. This will affect them a lot when they enter a grade school. There are many different organizations that come up with day care centers. Hence you have got to choose one from these innumerate options put forth. But with a proper analysis and research it can be done easily. Sometimes doing the trial and error will also help in deciding the best for your child. The one best suiting your child's nature must be chosen.
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The most popular ones are the institutional child care in the US. These are open for children in the age group of six and above. They even take care of them in their school years. The expense in these day care centers is moderate when compared to the extremities in private and in home concerns. The cost is in accordance with the age and the period of stay. The fee must be paid every week irrespective of the count of days the child is present. Thus they provide the child with all facilities and teach them all basic lessons and math.
The classrooms are segregated on the basis of age. The classrooms with different age groups of students have one or more staffs as in charge to that particular class. The important factor is the child to staff ratio this goes in accordance with the licensing agreement of state. So it varies for different institutions not exceeding the guidelines. The care time starts before the children arrive and even few hours after they leave. They are fed lunch and breakfast. Play time and time for naps are also provided in the afternoon. Group activities for every age group of children are set for the whole day and there are specific times allotted for field trips, holiday activity and independent play. They are taught potty training and self feeding. For the preschool kids, basic skills like identify colors, letters and shapes, count and write their names.
Sending children to these institutions is beneficial in many aspects. They can easily adjust to the classroom atmosphere after these preschool care centers. They even get the mental strength to bare few situations in the absence of their parents. They get to all sorts of emergencies. The staffs working in such centers are trained to react appropriately to medical emergencies along with psychology and child development. Apart from these there are certain disadvantages also. They lack individual attention due to the large range of class strength and especially for children who badly need such intense care and affection. So such behavioral problems occur and it affects the children.
A good child care centre will let the parents come in and see their job to give them the trust and hope with their organization. Some concerns will also let parents to spend time with their children for the first two or three days. Thus the parents will find their child's comfort in the new atmosphere and can happily leave it to them in their absence. Thus most importantly a good child care centre must be chosen.
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Family Dental Services Ltd - Too Much Water For Babies And Infants Is Dangerous
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Is it safe for babies to drink water during the many hot months of summer? Does my baby need to drink water anytime?
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According to Dr. Sears:
"Breastfeeding babies do not need extra water, though formula-fed babies often do. Your breast milk contains enough water for your baby, even in hot, dry climates. Formula contains higher concentrations of salts and minerals than breast milk does, so that extra water is often necessary for the kidneys to excrete the extra salt. Also, because of less efficient metabolism, formula-fed infants lose more water. "
Although breast milk is about 88% water, the formula is not and, therefore, many pediatricians recommend that formula fed babies be given sips of water from 6 months of age or when solid foods are introduced. The offering of water is only a recommendation. It is not intended to be regarded as an absolute necessity that you give your baby water! It can even be hazardous.
If you decide to give your baby water, please limit babies water consumption of 2-4 ounces per day. You do not want the water to move or displace the ingestion of breast milk and / or formula! Take the opportunity to offer a cup of water also Sippy. This will accomplish 2 things:
1) A breastfed baby will not be subject to possible confusion of the nipples
2) The water in a cup Sippy is the perfect liquid to be used when introducing the Sippy cup. Add a few ice cubes to give the cup a style and be more interesting!
Please use extreme caution when offering water infants. Infants who drink too much water May have too much water, and have Intoxication.
For children under 1 year - and especially during the first nine months of baby's life - drinking too much water can be dangerous.
In fact, according to pediatricians, like James P. Keating, MD, medical director of St. Louis Children's Hospital Diagnostic Centre, "Too much water dilutes a baby and normal levels of sodium can lead to convulsions, coma, brain damage and worse even death.
Breast milk or formula provides all babies healthy fluid needed for babies to survive. If a mother feels her baby needs to take water, it should be limited to two or three ounces at a time and should be proposed that after the baby has satisfied his hunger with breastfeeding or formula"
For parents who see their children less than 12 months take swimming lessons, please be cautious of the amount of water that inadvertently baby will swallow. Water intoxication May also occur because of a baby swallowing too much water during bathing so extra caution must be implied!
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Family Dental - Getting Your Teeth Capped With Dental Crowns
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We all hear about dental crowns, but some of us don't even know what their purpose is. Some may think it's just for cosmetic purposes, while some think it is just an ostentatious way to show one's wealth. The latter, they are probably referring to the gold crowns some boxers are famous for.
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The truth of the matter is, dental crowns are tooth caps that are placed over a tooth. Well, not exactly placed but more like covering a tooth. It is bonded to the tooth to make sure it doesn't fall off. There are plain natural looking caps, while there are some that are made of gold, silver, platinum even, and some even studded with diamonds. Now, there's no accounting for taste so we can let whoever decides on his crowns be.
Now, what are the crowns for? Foremost, it is used to cover badly damaged teeth. This is either caused by serious chips and crack in a tooth, or by decay. Decaying and badly damaged teeth are an eyesore, we all know that, and often times, we'd choose to save and restore it rather than have it removed. One reason why many boxers are seen with gold caps is because they want to cover the damaged teeth they incur when they fight.
When one decides to have dental crowns put in place, one must make sure he or she has a skillful dentist. If you ask why thinking, it's just a cap, how hard is it to place it over a tooth? Well, if someone not skilled enough is to do it, the cap may fall off after a while leaving you with awkward social situations, or the cap may not be bonded and cover completely the decayed tooth that the decaying may continue and cause you more pain and discomfort.
So if you need to have damaged teeth repaired, it is a good idea to consider dental crowns first rather than go for a complete replacement in dentures. Crowns are easier to manage, and less prone to falling off.
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Family Dental Care At Winghaven - Home Remedies For Baby Eczema
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If your baby is suffering from eczema, you know how uncomfortable the itchy and dry skin can be, not to mention the sore spots. Since eczema usually goes hand in hand with sensitive skin, treating it can be a bit of a challenge. Thankfully there are quite a few home remedies for baby eczema you can try.
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Moisturize
Keeping baby's skin well moisturized should always be the first step in any eczema treatment. Use a natural aloe Vera lotion several times a day, especially after bathing baby. Reapply as often as need to keep baby's skin from drying out. Avoid any harsh cleansers and make sure baby is getting plenty to drink to moisturize from the inside out as well. Incidentally breastfed babies experience fewer and milder episodes of eczema.
Oatmeal Bath
When baby's skin gets very itchy, an oatmeal bath can be very soothing and help skin heal. Put two cups of oats in a food processor (or use a coffee grinder) and grind them into a powder. Add the oatmeal powder to a running bath of warm (not hot) water and stir well. Soak in the oatmeal bath for 15 minutes, rinse with clean water and dab the skin dry with a soft towel. When baby's eczema breakouts are bad, it is safe to sooth them with an oatmeal bath twice daily.
Natural Skin Wash
As mentioned above, you want to avoid any harsh skin care for baby. The following natural skin wash is very gently and helps with the itch. Combine 1 tsp of comfrey root, 1 tsp of white oak bark, 1 tsp of slippery elm bark and two cups of water in a bowl. Mix well, and then pour it into a pot. Heat over medium heat until it comes to a boil, and then simmer for thirty minutes. Allow the mixture to cool, then strain out the solids and use the liquid like any face wash.
While this mixture may not completely clear up baby's eczema, it is a natural, gentle and effective cleanser that will help reduce the itching and inflammation.
Healing Lotions
When eczema really flares up, you want to get baby's skin healed back up as soon as possible. Healing lotions can help shorten the healing time and moisturize and protect your skin from future outbreaks at the same time.
Lotions to look for ate those made with blueberry leaves. Blueberry leaves are very good at relieving the inflammation of eczema and at improving the irritation that accompanies itching.
Zinc is another great ingredient. Apply zinc lotion directly on the affected area. Zinc can also be taken as a supplement in pills. Taking regularly, it can be an effective eczema treatment.
To help heal the skin, use a lotion containing vitamin E, or apply vitamin E oil directly on the affected area. It will quickly reduce itching and improve healing. Continue applying the vitamin E oil until the skin is healed.
Reduce Irritants
Some babies experience eczema because they are allergic to detergents, which are found in nearly all personal care, cleaning and laundry products. You may want to investigate using pure soap for all cleaning and laundry as well as bathing for some time to see if your baby's eczema improves.
Eczema can also occur as a result of food allergies. If you have a family history of food or environmental allergy, your baby may also be experiencing sensitivities to something in his diet or environment. Check with your baby's health care provider and consider an elimination diet or other measures to track down allergens.
Typically, babies outgrow eczema, or at the very least, it will improve as he gets older.
This article is provided for information purposes only. Please consult your baby's health care provider before trying home remedies.
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Family Dental - When To Consider A Dental Malpractice Lawsuit
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Most people when thinking about malpractice suits are not aware that there are also dental malpractice suits filed. Dental malpractice suits are in their own category but just as any other person in the medical field, dentists are liable for improper treatment services.
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The frequency of the number of claims in dental malpractice is pretty steady. The claims are smaller of course than in the medical field. Here is a range of injuries, due to improper dental treatment that can lead to a dental malpractice claim: injuries to jaw, lip and tongue nerves, injuries related to anesthesia and death.
If a dentist for example fails to detect oral cancer, and other oral diseases he is liable.
A dentist has to make sure that there are no prior medical conditions that may require special treatment for example before giving anesthesia.
The most obvious dental malpractice case is when a patient dies from the dental procedure. This can happen for example by administering improper anesthesia or by improper treatment of gum infections. Here are some other reasons for a person to be able to file a dental malpractice suit:
1. Permanent nerve damage due to complications from an oral surgery.
2. Sometimes a root canal can result in permanent numbness.
3. When a person may be injured from what is called a dental extraction (making a mistake by accidentally removing a good tooth)
Dentists are just like other physicians liable for any injury due to improper treatment or wrong diagnosis. By law, dentists are held to a certain standard of care when rendering services to their patients.
Here are some real cases of dental malpractice:
1. A case of periodontal abscess caused by defective bridge not properly treated: a ,000 settlement.
2. A woman had a procedure done but it was done with improper contoured crowns and bridges, negligence: a ,500 settlement.
3. A patient had a permanently numbed tongue following a rather routine wisdom tooth extraction: a 0.000 settlement.
4. A young man who sustained nerve injury in his mouth as a result of a dental procedure: a ,000 settlement,
5. A woman with painful numb lip and chin after a routine dental treatment: a 0.000 settlement.
While it is not quite clear how many cases of dental malpractice are filed every year in the United States alone, according to some statistics the numbers are rising. There are countless cases of people that have suffered due to improper dental procedures and negligence and all too often these cases are not reported. Often, people may not be aware that they can file a dental malpractice suit. While dentists are people and therefore can make mistakes, making an error that results in a permanent injury that could have been avoided is not acceptable.
If you feel that you have experienced any of the injuries above or some others, it may be time for you to search for a lawyer that is familiar with dental malpractice lawsuits and that can help and advise you.
The time that you may spend searching for such a lawyer could make a difference in your life or the life of one of your family members. It is only right to get justice when injured through careless dental treatments or negligence.
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Do you know about - Dental Fillings
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When a cavity develops in a tooth, the damage to the tooth's enamel and interior can lead to more severe health concerns. To repair the tooth and prevent further infection or tissue decay, dentists use special restorative measures. In particular, many situations call for a filler material to be placed inside the cavity and fill out the tissue lost to the cavity.
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Fillings are a direct way to restore a tooth after a cavity develops. When the cavity breaches through the tooth enamel, it moves quickly through the interior of the tooth, hollowing out a substantial portion of the tooth. The use of fillings restores the interior of the tooth and removes any decayed tissue left inside the tooth. This helps prevent infection or additional damage to the interior.
Several different materials are commonly used as dental fillings. Some of the most commonly known include several different types of metal. Although these metals are not nearly as malleable as other filling materials, their strength and safety often make them preferable. In particular, silver, chrome, titanium, and gold are generally selected as safe metals. However, gold may not be used as often because of the cost of the filling.
In addition to metals, some dentists may opt for more aesthetically appealing or moldable materials. This can include special dental composite materials, ceramics, and even porcelain. These filling options rarely have the same strength as metal, but they can prove easier to use at times and may look more like a natural tooth.
While there are several options available for restoring a tooth, fillings remain the most convenient, complete, and cost-efficient. Indirect methods, which do not involve the same intrusive process as fillings, can prove useful for some patients with truly extensive tooth decay. However, for most, fillings will suffice. To learn more about these treatments and other options, contact a cosmetic dentist.
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Family Dental - Choose a Specialist Dentist For Your Specific Oral Problem
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A dentist is one of the most important persons who will help you in keeping your teeth free of problems and ailments. However it is also important that you choose a good dentist so that he is able to diagnose your problem correctly and cure it effectively. Dentists do a wide variety of things on your teeth like filling your cavity, whitening your teeth, and if required dental implants. While these are just a few of the things that they do, there are specialists who specialize on a particular activity, like orthodontists who help in fixing the teeth line and helping patients in having a set of straight teeth and also fix misaligned jaws.
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Nowadays there are various options in which dentists can specialize and some of them are:
Endodontics - this is a type of dentistry where the dentist focuses on the root canals and any surgery related to it. Your doctor will also deal with any tissue related problem around the root of the tooth.
Pediatric Dentistry - these are dentists who specialize in children's dental care and even infants who are teething can also visit them for any type of problems.
Prosthodontics - this type of dentists specializes in prosthetics which covers teeth or bone implants in the oral cavity and the jaw area.
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery - this type of oral surgery is required when one needs to treat injuries, jaw line malfunctions, or any other diseases occur in the neck or jaw area. They also help in treating the bone and tissue related problems.
Public Health Dentistry - some dental workers work for community organizations and help in preventing dental diseases and create awareness about dental health.
Oral Pathology - this is the branch of dental treatment where they take x-rays and perform other tests to ascertain what kind of treatment the patient requires.
Veterinary Dentistry - as the name suggests, these dentists specialize in oral problems and needs of animals.
If you are having oral problems, the first thing would be to visit your family dentist. He will help you in diagnosing the problem, and if required, he will refer to any specialist. Goodlettsville dentists not only excel in treating medical problems but also help in cosmetic procedures to beautify your smile. Cosmetic procedures to improve your mouth and smile are quite a popular concept these days and many people opt for it. For more information about dentists and dentistry, you can visit rivergatedentalcare.com.
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Do you know about - Tooth Bonding
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Tooth Bonding is a cosmetic dentistry procedure whereby the cosmetic dentist applies a mouldable bonding material (that has been color matched) to the surface of your tooth in order to re-shape or hide any imperfections in your tooth.
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Apart from the reshaping of teeth tooth bonding is sometimes used as a viable alternative to teeth whitening for those patients who are deemed unsuitable for bleaching such as pregnant mothers, people with dental crowns or veneers or those who have damage to their tooth enamel.
Tooth bonding is also used for repairing chips to the surface of the tooth, tooth fractures and can help in correcting gaps in teeth.
If you are seeking a complete makeover with a majority of your teeth being affected it is unlikely that your cosmetic dentist will consider using tooth bonding but will more likely go down the pre-moulded route and use such things as dental crowns and porcelain veneers.
Tooth bonding is an art and definitely a cosmetic procedure that needs to be performed by an experienced cosmetic dentist and not by your local family dentist. All tooth bonding is sculpted freehand and the color of the bonding materials must be matched and blended in with your tooth so if you want a natural finish you have to use the right cosmetic dentist to do the job.
The level of skill required to perfectly reconstruct a tooth with bonding materials is not something that dentists learn unless they choose to extend their training into the field of cosmetic dentistry. For this reason and this reason alone, if you want to avoid the possibility of being left with an unsightly botched tooth spend a little time in checking out the credentials of the cosmetic dentist you are thinking of using.
The cost of tooth bonding will vary quite considerably depending on the amount of reconstructive work required. However, tooth bonding does come with a cheaper price tag than a lost of other cosmetic dentistry with the bonding of one tooth starting at around 5. If you need work on two or three teeth you could be looking at around 0 and if tooth bonding is used as a means of reducing the gaps in your teeth the cost of the specialist materials and the extra time taken will push the cost up to over 0 per tooth.
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Family Dental Care At Winghaven - Health, Dental and Vision Insurance - How To Find An Affordable Solution
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Are you in need of health insurance coverage? Are you in need of health dental vision insurance for yourself alone or do you need a plan for your entire family? The reason I'm asking this is because there are affordable insurance plans available to you that you may not be aware of. Most of the time you'll just need to do an in depth search. You may also want to consider cutting your coverage back in order to make your policy more affordable. What this means is to reduce the amount of coverage on individual types of protection down to state minimum. You could reduce your ambulance coverage from ,000 down to ,000.
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Another thing that you should consider is buying a discount dental plan instead of a traditional for your health dental vision insurance. Discount dental plans are not health insurance plans. They offer generous discounts on routine dental care for visiting dentists within their network. These dentists are no different than any other professional that you may have seen in the past. These dentists have agreed to accept less for their work in order to be paid in full for their services at the time of their appointment. It really is a winning scenario for both the dentist and the patient.
There are discount plan options that may also include big discounts on vision, pharmacy, chiropractic services and more. You can use your discount card at major pharmacies and other major professionals.
Discount health plans are similar to discount dental where you visit a select doctor and receive a discount for paying cash in full. The main drawback with this type of plan for some people is that you must have decent credit because most companies will run a credit check on you. Discount dental, vision, etc does NOT require a credit check.
If you're in need of health dental vision insurance protection you should start off by getting a very affordable discount dental plan. This will take care of many of your immediate needs and save you a lot of money over time. After doing this then you can find an affordable health plan.
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Family Dental Services Ltd - Federal Income Tax Deductions 2011
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Tax filing is a requirement for all American citizens who have a source of income. It can be a serious headache for those who are not knowledgeable about what is deductible and what can not be deducted on their federal income tax return. There are numerous deductible items you can take on your tax return to reduce your tax liability. These deductible items are usually filed on schedule A form 1040.
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Before you file your 2011 tax return find out if you may reduce your tax liability by taking qualified Federal Income Tax Deductions. It will be a good practice if you keep good records and you understand what deductions to declare and save money during tax time.
Real estate taxes you paid during the year are deductible on your federal income tax return on schedule A form 1040 when you itemize. Also deductible are state and local income taxes, general sales taxes and other property taxes, such as automobile excise tax. You can also deduct interest you paid on your home mortgage and home equity loan or line of credit. Points you paid that are in connection with your mortgage loan are also federal tax deductions. You may quality for student loan deductions if you meet the required income limitation. Health care is also a deductible item. You may qualify to deduct your out of pocket health care expenses if they add up to 7.5 percent or more of your adjusted gross income. You may deduct expenses you made for medical and dental care for yourself and your dependents.
Also deductible are health insurance premiums, hospital expenses and co-pays. Take note that you may deduct health related expenses that are not paid by your medical insurance company. Business expenses are deductible on your federal tax return. As an employee, the money you spent on uniform, union dues, and trade magazines are deductible on schedule A form 1040. Moving expenses are deductible if you relocate to take another job in your industry. The cost of business travel, lodging and meals may be deducted within certain guidelines. Donations to charity are deductible on schedule A form 1040. When you make contributions, keep records and receipts to back up with your contributions. Deductions are limited to the fair market value of your donation. You may take mileage deduction for charity related travel. You are entitled to tax deductions if you are a victim of natural disaster or incurred losses through theft or vandalism. Losses reimbursed to you by your insurance company are not deductible on your tax return.
In order to save money during tax time and reduce your tax liability visit Federal Income Tax Deductions 2011 and take note of the deductible items that will be beneficial to you.
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Family Dental Care At Winghaven - Teeth Whitening - Which is the Best Teeth Whitening Product?
Hello everybody. Yesterday, I learned about Family Dental Care At Winghaven - Teeth Whitening - Which is the Best Teeth Whitening Product?. Which could be very helpful if you ask me and you.
Do you know - Teeth Whitening - Which is the Best Teeth Whitening Product?
Are you embarrassed with your stained, yellow and browning teeth? Luckily, there are a few choice teeth whitening products that will restore confidence in yourself so you can start showing off your stunning "A-List Hollywood" smile.
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In the past, they weren't readily available to the general public and the only way you could benefit from them was to go to a dentist where they charge you an "arm and a leg" to get access to it. But not anymore.
Most use do-it-yourself" tooth whitening products to get rid of nasty stains caused by alcohol, food, or nicotine. They're usually easy to use and apply, and provides no side-effects for a fast whitening solution.
There are many ways to apply teeth whitening, and one of them is Over-The-Counter whitening gel - or "OTC" gel for short. Results usually start to happen around 1 - 3 weeks.
The other teeth whitening is "brush-on tooth whitening paste". Basically, you brush your teeth as you would any other time, but only this contains the tooth whitening formula. Results occur around 1 - 2 weeks.
And lastly, you have whitening strips. There easy to put on and take off, discreet, and treatment is generally quick around 1 - 2 weeks - but these can get expensive.
If your tired of dealing with not smiling in important family photos, being talked about behind your back, or dealing with teasing from friends about your "coffee and smoker" stains, a teeth whitening product unique for you and what your looking for could be your best solution yet to solve your embarrassing problem.
Family Dental Services Ltd - 7 Income Tax Tips - Increase Your Tax Refund
Hello everybody. Today, I learned all about Family Dental Services Ltd - 7 Income Tax Tips - Increase Your Tax Refund. Which could be very helpful in my opinion and also you.
Do you know - 7 Income Tax Tips - Increase Your Tax Refund
It's that time of year again when the taxman wants to know how much you have earned and how much tax you owe him. Don't forget that your individual tax return has to be returned to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) by April 15 this year, unless you have applied for, and received an extension.
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We all want to pay less tax, but instead of looking for loopholes and gray areas, rather focus on managing your tax affairs as efficiently as possible. The following business and personal tips should make the current tax year a little easier on your pocket when completing your return:
1. Travel Expenses
It is good practice to keep a mileage logbook of distance travelled, in order to accurately determine you travel deduction. If you have two jobs, you can deduct the cost of traveling from the first to the second, but if you have a single job, you cannot deduct commuting costs because it is considered a personal expense, not a business expense. Travel for business, including costs to go to seminars and conferences are 100% deductible. Deductible travel costs include hotels, airfare, taxis, car rentals, parking fess, tolls and tips.
2. Medical Expenses
Keep records (including invoices and statements) of medical expenses which are not covered by your medical aid, in order to get a deduction for those expenses on assessment. Depending on your income, certain medical expenses including health insurance and dental insurance premiums may be deductible. This deduction is limited to costs over 7.5% of your income. Pursue turning your non-deductible personal medical expenses into a legitimate business expense.
3. Entertainment Expenses
Be careful of entertainment allowances. Since March 1, 2002, no deductions can be claimed against entertainment allowances for personal reasons. Make sure your employer is aware of this and that the allowances are taxed in full, otherwise you might end up with a tax liability on assessment. You may however deduct "ordinary and necessary" business meal and entertainment expenses up to 50%.
4. Tax Records
Why not make your life easier and ensure that you don't miss any deductions by organizing your record keeping system early and keeping it updated. Not only does having organized records make it easier and less frustrating for you to file your tax return, it also enables you to explain an item on your return that the IRS might question, and could prevent you from having to pay additional taxes and penalties for unsubstantiated items. Although legally you need only keep tax records for three years , you should keep a copy of the returns in case you need information from these returns at some point.
5. Electronic Filing
If you want your return processed in approximately half the time of a paper return, you should consider filing the forms electronically. IRS E-file makes you life a lot easier as it picks up problems with your returns instantly and provides immediate feedback and confirmation regarding your return.
6. Avoid Refund Anticipation Loans
While it would be nice to get your money back in your pocket as soon as possible, it is much better to wait for your refund. The downside of these loans is that the annual interest rates on them are very high, usually between 50% and 500%. So between the loan fee, tax preparation fees and other administrative fees imposed on the loan, you end up losing a big portion of your refund.
7. Deadlines
Be aware of deadlines in order to avoid penalties. Tax returns must be submitted before the due date given by the IRS. If your previous years' tax affairs are up-to-date, an extension for submission of the return can be requested. However, extensions are granted less frequently, depending on your particular circumstances.
Conclusion
Tax season makes everyone a little nervous. Rather start early to allow yourself time to prepare and to ensure that you are taking full advantage of every eligible tax break.
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Family Dental Services Ltd - Aggressive Behavior in Jack Russell Terriers
Hello sir. Now, I learned about Family Dental Services Ltd - Aggressive Behavior in Jack Russell Terriers. Which is very helpful if you ask me and you.
Do you know - Aggressive Behavior in Jack Russell Terriers
Jack Russell terriers are small yet known to be absolutely fearless and strong-willed breed of dog. Their strong personality is makes them perfect working terriers used to bolt fox from their dens. Jack Russell terriers are also used on ground-dwelling quarry such as groundhog, badger and red and grey fox. Yes, their strong personality is highly beneficial but this may lead to aggression when they are not properly socialized.
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There are many reasons for a dog to become aggressive. The environment in which a dog thrives has a great role in developing this behavior problem. Living conditions, lack of socialization, inappropriate method of training, excessive punishment and being threatened by other dogs and humans are some of the things that can influence canine aggression.
We are all aware that dog breeds, especially the likes of Jack Russell terriers have retained their strong natural protective instinct. They are not afraid to face the world when they think that they or their family is in danger. This type of aggression, considered as defensive aggression or aggression induced by fear causes a dog to display certain behaviors such as but not limited to avoidance of direct eye contact, lowering of the head and body, tucking tails between the legs and submissive urination. On the other hand, standing tall with the ears up and forward, carrying tails high, staring menacingly and emitting low growl with teeth exposed can be seen on dominant-aggressive dogs.
Gladly, this behavior problem can be treated and prevented. The surest way to treat the problem is to seek professional help. Ask advice from your veterinarian or professional behaviorist to help you determine the causes for aggression and the proper method or way to treat it. The most common way to treat canine aggression is to limit the dog's exposure to situations that increase the likelihood of showing aggression. If the dog is aggressive to a person, this individual should become the main provider of everything the dog needs such as food, water, exercise, praise, affection and a whole lot more. Then reward the dog every time he displays submissive behavior such as ears back, looking away, crouching, lowering the head and so on. Neutering or spaying aggressive dogs can also help prevent aggression. Playing games like wrestling and tug-of-war should not be done since these games tend to promote aggressive dog behavior.
Remember that aggression can be dealt with as long as you know the proper way to do it. And remember to ask support from animal behaviorist. They know what's best for your dog.
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Family Dental Care At Winghaven - Dental Plans No Waiting Period - Can I get My Dental Work Done Without A Waiting Period?
What up. Today, I discovered Family Dental Care At Winghaven - Dental Plans No Waiting Period - Can I get My Dental Work Done Without A Waiting Period?. Which could be very helpful in my opinion and also you.
Do you know - Dental Plans No Waiting Period - Can I get My Dental Work Done Without A Waiting Period?
It seems as though we are constantly getting requests for dental plans no waiting period. This is because many people have issues that need to be taken care of right now and traditional dental insurance doesn't cover pre-existing conditions immediately.
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Dental insurance is just like any other type of insurance that you might purchase, be it your homeowners insurance, your vehicle insurance, etc. Think about this for a moment. When you buy auto insurance the agent walks outside and visually inspects your vehicle for any prior damage. The reason for this is because the insurance company doesn't want to have to pay for anything that was already there. Doesn't this make complete sense? I know it's not exactly what we wanted to hear, but the idea behind buying insurance is to make certain that we're covered in case anything happens in the future. Well, dental insurance works the same way and that's why it's not a very good deal anymore.
Most dental insurance plans require a waiting period of anywhere from six to 12 months before you can be seen for any condition that you had at the time that you bought the insurance. This means that if you need bridge work done right now, a tooth extraction done right now, you need dentures immediately, or any other obvious dental problem, then you'll have to pay out of pocket until the waiting period is over.
However, you can get dental plans with no waiting period. These plans are called dental discount plans. They are very affordable and you can be seen within one to three business days after joining the network. These are not dental insurance, nor do they pay 100% of your dental procedures, however, you can save anywhere between 10-60% on your dental costs by being a member of one of these plans. It works like this. You become a plan member, receive your membership card, make an appointment with the dentist in your area that is part of the network and receive a substantial discount at the time of your visit. However, you must pay cash or credit card in full for the procedure that you have done at the time of your visit.
The savings can be lucrative. In some cases you can save over 50% on 00 dentures. The only requirement is that you pay the discounted fee in full at the time of your visit.
If you have teeth that are bothering you now I highly recommend that you look into these dental discount plans. This is how you can get dental plans and no waiting period.
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Family Dental Services Ltd - 10 Questions to Ask When Considering a Health Insurance Quote
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Do you know - 10 Questions to Ask When Considering a Health Insurance Quote
When you are considering health insurance it is essential that you ask a number of specific questions about a health insurance plan quote to ensure that you get the right cover at the right price. Here we look at 10 questions that you need to ask:
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Question 1. What out of pocket expenses and deductible will you have to pay? No medical insurance plan is going to meet all of your medical bills and you will usually have to meet a deductible before your insurer will pay out at all and will also ask you to meet certain other expenses.
Question 2. What health screenings and examinations does the plan include?Health plans vary considerably when it comes to preventative care and you will have to look to see what screening tests are covered. For example, does the plan cover all family members including babies, children and adults and provide such things as breast examinations, mammograms and pap smears?
Question 3. Is specialist care and referrals covered? When you require a referral to a specialist this might or might not be covered and, if it is covered, might have restrictions placed upon that cover.
Question 4. How is emergency care and hospitalization treated? Sometimes you will find that emergency care and hospitalization are only be covered if pre-approved and you must fully understand the circumstances under which such treatment is covered.
Question 5. What prescriptions costs does the plan cover? You will have to examine any accompanying prescription plan with care to determine what drugs are permitted and the extent to which you may have to meet part of the cost of any prescription drugs.
Question 6. Are both dental and vision care covered? In many cases medical plans will not cover dental and vision care and these then have to be covered under a separate plan.
Question 7. Does the plan cover psychotherapy, psychiatric services or mental health services? Although many health plans will cover mental illness in various different forms such cover is frequently limited and you will normally find that there is a cap on the amount of cover provided.
Question 8. Is hospital, home health and nursing home care covered? While most plans will offer fairly good hospital cover you will have to look at just what cover is provided for home health and nursing home care.
Question 9. Is physiotherapy and rehabilitative care covered? Plans will frequently separate out initial treatment and follow-up rehabilitative care and physiotherapy and so it is vital to discover exactly what is and what is not covered.
Question 10. Does the plan cover alternative care? As an increasing number of people are turning to alternative treatments like acupuncture or holistic treatments health insurance companies are increasingly including cover for such treatments. It is however still early days for alternative treatment and, if this is something that you want to take advantage of, you will need to look to see to what extent it is covered.
The ten questions here should form the basis on which you consider any medical insurance quote but you may want to include other items to your own list like how much paperwork is required when it comes to making a claim under the plan and how wide is your choice when it comes to hospitals, doctors and other treatment facilities. The main thing however is to make sure that you completely understand exactly what cover you are being provided with and how much it will cost before committing yourself to a plan.
Family Dental Services Ltd - Classification of Health Insurance
What up. Now, I discovered Family Dental Services Ltd - Classification of Health Insurance. Which is very helpful in my experience therefore you.
Do you know - Classification of Health Insurance
There are many insurance companies that offer different types of health insurance. The difference lies on the amount recoverable, the risks insured against, the length of the insurance, or the amount of premium to be paid by the party insured.
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Although there are many differences, one should thoroughly examine the contract in order to guard him from undesirable terms and conditions. Also, one should only purchase a scheme that best suits him, and should not sacrifice the services of the insurance company just because it is cheap. As such, here are the general classifications of a health insurance that one may look into in selecting the right one.
1. Comprehensive - this kind only pays a certain percentage of the hospitalization cost, physician's professional fee, and other medical expenses. When the plan is comprehensive, there is more money payout. This is because the payment of the premium is much higher than scheduled plan.
2. Scheduled - as compared with comprehensive scheme, the cash payout is relatively smaller and the coverage is very limited. Generally, scheduled plan covers day-today health care such as visiting a doctor for a regular check up. Although this kind of plan also covers surgeries and hospitalization, the amount to be received from the insurance company is very limited.
The importance of knowing whether the health insurance plan is comprehensive or scheduled is because of the amount of money to be received by the party insured. If one knows the amount to be recovered, he can intelligently choose which among the insurance offers he would choose.
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Family Dental Services Ltd - Building a Kingdom - Case Study of Kingdom Financial Holdings Limited
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Do you know - Building a Kingdom - Case Study of Kingdom Financial Holdings Limited
This article presents a case study of sustained entrepreneurial growth of Kingdom Financial Holdings. It is one of the entrepreneurial banks which survived the financial crisis that started in Zimbabwe in 2003. The bank was established in 1994 by four entrepreneurial young bankers. It has grown substantially over the years. The case examines the origins, growth and expansion of the bank. It concludes by summarizing lessons or principles that can be derived from this case that maybe applicable to entrepreneurs.
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Profile of an Entrepreneur: Nigel Chanakira
Nigel Chanakira was raised in the Highfield suburb of Harare in an entrepreneurial family. His father and uncle operated a public transport company Modern Express and later diversified into retail shops. Nigel's father later exited the family business. He bought out one of the shops and expanded it. During school holidays young Nigel, as the first born, would work in the shops. His parents, particularly his mother, insisted that he acquire an education first.
On completion of high school, Nigel failed to enter dental or medical school, which were his first passions. In fact his grades could only qualify him for the Bachelor of Arts degree programme at the University of Zimbabwe. However, he "sweet-talked his way into a transfer" to the Bachelor in Economics degree programme. Academically he worked hard, exploiting his strong competitive character that was developed during his sporting days. Nigel rigorously applied himself to his academic pursuits and passed his studies with excellent grades, which opened the door to employment as an economist with the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ).
During his stint with the Reserve Bank, his economic mindset indicated to him that wealth creation was happening in the banking sector therefore he determined to understand banking and financial markets. While employed at RBZ, he read for a Master's degree in Financial Economics and Financial Markets as preparation for his debut into banking. At the Reserve Bank under Dr Moyana, he was part of the research team that put together the policy framework for the liberalization of the financial services within the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme. Being at the right place at the right time, he became aware of the opportunities which were opening up. Nigel exploited his position to identify the most profitable banking institution to work for as preparation for his future. He headed to Bard Discount House and worked for five years under Charles Gurney.
A short while later the two black executives at Bard, Nick Vingirayi and Gibson Muringai, left to form Intermarket Discount House. Their departure inspired the young Nigel. If these two could establish a banking institution of their own so could he, given time. The departure also created an opportunity for him to rise to fill the vacancy. This gave the aspiring banker critical managerial experience. Subsequently he became a director for Bard Investment Services where he gained critical experience in portfolio management, client relationships and dealing within the dealing department. While there he met Franky Kufa, a young dealer who was making waves, who would later become a key co-entrepreneur with him.
Despite his professional business engagement his father enrolled Nigel in the Barclays Bank "Start Your Own Business" Programme. However what really made an impact on the young entrepreneur was the Empretec Entrepreneur Training programme (May 1994), to which he was introduced by Mrs Tsitsi Masiyiwa. The course demonstrated that he had the requisite entrepreneurial competences.
Nigel talked Charles Gurney into an attempted management buy-out of Bard from Anglo -American. This failed and the increasingly frustrated aspiring entrepreneur considered employment opportunities with Nick Vingirai's Intermarket and Never Mhlanga's National Discount House which was on the verge of being formed - hoping to join as a shareholder since he was acquainted with the promoters. He was denied this opportunity.
Being frustrated at Bard and having been denied entry into the club by pioneers, he resigned in October 1994 with the encouragement of Mrs Masiyiwa to pursue his entrepreneurial dream.
The Dream
Inspired by the messages of his pastor, Rev. Tom Deuschle, and frustrated at his inability to participate in the church's massive building project, Nigel sought a way of generating huge financial resources. During a time of prayer he claims that he had a divine encounter where he obtained a mandate from God to start Kingdom Bank. He visited his pastor and told him of this encounter and the subsequent desire to start a bank. The godly pastor was amazed at the 26 year old with "big spectacles and wearing tennis shoes" who wanted to start a bank. The pastor prayed before counselling the young man. Having been convinced of the genuineness of Nigel's dream, the pastor did something unusual. He asked him to give a testimony to the congregation of how God was leading him to start a bank. Though timid, the young man complied. That experience was a powerful vote of confidence from the godly pastor. It demonstrates the power of mentors to build a protégé.
Nigel teamed up with young Franky Kufa. Nigel Chanakira left Bard at the position of Chief Economist. They would build their own entrepreneurial venture. Their idea was to identify players who had specific competences and would each be able to generate financial resources from his activity. Their vision was to create a one - stop financial institution offering a discount house, an asset management company and a merchant bank. Nigel used his Empretec model to develop a business plan for their venture. They headhunted Solomon Mugavazi, a stockbroker from Edwards and Company and B. R. Purohit, a corporate banker from Stanbic. Kufa would provide money market expertise while Nigel provided income from government bond dealings as well as overall supervision of the team.
Each of the budding partners brought in an equal portion of the Z0,000 as start-up capital. Nigel talked to his wife and they sold their recently acquired Eastlea home and vehicles to raise the equivalent of US,000 as their initial capital. Nigel, his wife and three kids headed back to Highfield to live in with his parents. The partners established Garmony Investments which started trading as an unregistered financial institution. The entrepreneurs agreed not to draw a salary in their first year of operations as a bootstrapping strategy.
Mugavazi introduced and recommended Lysias Sibanda, a chartered accountant, to join the team. Nigel was initially reluctant as each person had to bring in an earning capacity and it was not clear how an accountant would generate revenue at start up in a financial institution. Nigel initially retained a 26% share which assured him a blocking vote as well as giving him the position of controlling shareholder.
Nigel credits the Success Motivation Institute (SMI) course "The Dynamics of Successful Management" as the lethal weapon that enabled him to acquire managerial competences. Initially he insisted that all his key executives undertake this training programme.
Birth of the Kingdom
Kingdom Securities P/L commenced operations in November 1994 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Garmony Investments (Pvt) Ltd. It traded as a broker on both money and stock markets.
On 24th February 1995 Kingdom Securities Holding was born with the following subsidiaries: Kingdom Securities Ltd, Kingdom Stockbrokers (Pvt) Ltd and Kingdom Asset Managers (Pvt) Ltd. The flagship Kingdom Securities Ltd was registered as a Discount House under Banking Act Chapter 188 on 25th July 1995. Kingdom Stockbrokers was registered with the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange under ZSE Chapter 195 on 1st August 1995. The pre-licensing trading had generated good revenue but they still had a 20% deficit of the required capital. Most institutional investors turned them down as they were a greenfield company promoted by people perceived to be "too young". At this stage National Merchant Bank, Intermarket and others were on the market raising equity and these were run by seasoned and mature promoters. However Rachel Kupara, then MD for Zimnat, believed in the young entrepreneurs and took up the first equity portion for Zimnat at 5%.
Norman Sachikonye, then Financial Director and Investments Manager at First Mutual followed suit, taking up an equity share of 15%. These two institutional investors were inducted as shareholders of Kingdom Securities Holdings on 1st August 1995. Garmony Investments ceased operations and reversed itself into Kingdom Securities on 31st July 1995, thereby becoming an 80% shareholder.
The first year of operations was marked by intense competition as well as discrimination against new financial institutions by public organisations. All the other operating units performed well except for the corporate finance department with Kingdom Securities, led by Purohit. This monetary loss, differing spiritual and ethical values led to the forced departure of Purohit as an executive director and shareholder on 31st December 1995. From then the Kingdom started to grow exponentially.
Structural Growth
Nigel and his team pursued an aggressive growth strategy with the intention of increasing market share, profitability, and geographic spread while developing a strong brand. The growth strategy was built around a business philosophy of simplifying financial services and making them easily accessible to the general public. An IT strategy that created a low cost delivery channel exploiting ATMs and POS while providing a platform that was ready for Internet and web-based applications, was espoused.
On 1st April 1997, Kingdom Financial Services was licensed as an accepting house focusing on trading and distributing foreign currency, treasury activities, corporate finance, investment banking and advisory services. It was formed under the leadership of Victor Chando with the intention of becoming the merchant banking arm of the Group. In 1998, Kingdom Merchant Bank (KMB) was licensed and it took over the assets and liabilities of Kingdom Securities Limited. Its main focus was treasury related products, off-balance sheet finance, foreign currency and trade finance. Kingdom Research Institute was established as a support service to the other units.
The entrepreneurial bankers, cognisant of their limitations, sought to achieve critical mass quickly by actively seeking capital injection from equity investors. The aim was to broaden ownership while lending strategic support in areas of mutual interest. An attempt at equity uptake from Global Emerging Markets from London failed. However in 1997 the efforts of the bankers were rewarded when the following organisations took up some equity, reducing the shareholding of executive directors as shown below: ïEUR Ipcorn 0.7%, ïEUR Zambezi Fund Mauritius P/L 1.1%, ïEUR Zambezi Fund P/L 0.7%. ïEUR Kingdom Employee Share Trust 5%, ïEUR Southern Africa Enterprise Development Fund - 8% redeemable preference shares amounting to US,5m as the first investee company in Southern Africa from the US Fund initiated by US President Bill Clinton, ïEUR Weiland Investments, a company belonging to Mr Richard Muirimi, a long standing friend of Nigel and associate in the fund management business took up 1.7%, Garmony Investments 71.7% -executive directors. ïEUR After a rights issue Zimnat fell to 4.8% while FML went down to 14.3%.
In 1998, Kingdom launched four Unit Trusts which proved very popular with the market. Initially these products were focused at individual clients of the discount house as well as private portfolios of Kingdom Stockbroking. Aggressive marketing and awareness campaigns established the Kingdom Unit Trust as the most popular retail brand of the group. The Kingdom brand was thus born.
Acquisition of Discount Company of Zimbabwe (DCZ)
After a spurt of organic growth, the Kingdom entrepreneurs decided to hasten the growth rate synergistically. They set out to acquire the oldest discount house in the country and the world, The Discount Company of Zimbabwe, which was a listed entity. With this acquisition Kingdom would acquire critical competences as well as achieve the much coveted ZSE listing inexpensively through a reverse listing. Initial efforts at a negotiated merger with DCZ were rebuffed by its executives who could not countenance a forty year old institution being swallowed up by a four year old business. The entrepreneurs were not deterred. Nigel approached his friend Greg Brackenridge at Stanbic to finance and effect the acquisition of the sixty percent shares which were in the hands of about ten shareholders, on behalf of Kingdom Financial Holdings but to be placed in the ownership of Stanbic Nominees. This strategy masked the identity of the acquirer. Claud Chonzi, the National Social Security Authority (NSSA) GM and a friend to Lysias Sibanda (a Kingdom executive director), agreed to act as a front in the negotiations with the DCZ shareholders. NSSA is a well known institutional investor and hence these shareholders may have believed that they were dealing with an institutional investor. Once Kingdom controlled 60% of DCZ, it took over the company and reverse listed itself onto the Stock Exchange as Kingdom Financial Holdings Limited (KFHL). Because of the negative real interest rates, Kingdom successfully used debt finance to structure the acquisition. This acquisition and the subsequent listing gave the once despised young entrepreneurs confidence and credibility on the market.
Other Strategic Acquisitions
Within the same year Kingdom Merchant Bank acquired a strategic stake in CFX Bureau de Change owned by Sean Maloney as well as another stake in a greenfield microlending franchise, Pfihwa P/L. CFX was changed into KFX and used in most foreign currency trading activities. KFHL set as a strategic intention the acquisition of an additional 24.9% stake in CFX Holdings to safeguard the initial investment and ensure management control. This did not work out. Instead, Sean Maloney opted out and took over the failed Universal Merchant Bank licence to form CFX Merchant Bank. Although Kingdom executives contend that the alliance failed due to the abolition of bureau de change by government, it appears that Sean Maloney refused to give up control of the extra shareholding sought by Kingdom. It therefore would be reasonable that once Kingdom could not control KFX, a fall out ensued. The liquidation of this investment in 2002 resulted in a loss of Z3 million on that investment. However this was manageable in light of the strong group profitability.
Pfihwa P/L financed the informal sector as a form of corporate social responsibility. However when the hyperinflationary environment and stringent regulatory environment encroached on the viability of the project, it was wound up in early 2004. Kingdom pursued its financing of the informal sector through MicroKing, which was established with international assistance. By 2002 MicroKing had eight branches located in the midst of, or near, micro-enterprise clusters.
In 2000, due to increased activity on the foreign currency front within the banking sector, Kingdom opened a private banking facility through the discount house to exploit revenue streams from this market. Following market trends, it engaged the insurance company AIG to enter the bancassurance market in 2003.
Meikles Strategic Alliance
In 1999 the entrepreneurial Chanakira on advice from his executives and the legendary corporate finance team from Barclays bank led by the affable Hugh Van Hoffen entered into a strategic alliance with Meikles Africa whereby it injected some Z2 million into Kingdom for an equity shareholding of 25%. Interestingly, the deal nearly collapsed on pricing as Meikles only wanted to pay 0 million whilst KFHL valued themselves at Z2 million which in real terms was the largest private sector deal done between an indigenous bank and a listed corporate. Nigel testifies that it was a walk through the incomplete Celebration Church site on the Saturday preceding the signing of the Meikles deal that led him to sign the deal which he saw as a means for him to sow a whopping seed into the church to boost the Building Fund. God was faithful! Kingdom's share price shot up dramatically from ,15 at the time he made the commitment to the Pastor all the way to 2,00 by the following October!
In return Kingdom acquired a powerful cash-rich shareholder that allowed it entrance into retail banking through an innovative in-store banking strategy. Meikles Africa opened its retail branches, namely TM Supermarkets, Clicks, Barbours, Medix Pharmacies and Greatermans, as distribution channels for Kingdom commercial bank or as account holders providing deposits and requiring banking services. This was a cheaper way of entering retail banking. It proved useful during the 2003 cash crisis because Meikles with its massive cash resources within its business units assisted Kingdom Bank, thus cushioning it from a liquidity crisis. The alliance also raised the reputation and credibility of Kingdom Bank and created an opportunity for Kingdom to finance Meikles Africa's customers through the jointly owned Meikles Financial Services. Kingdom provided the funding for all lease and hire purchases from Meikles' subsidiaries, thus driving sales for Meikles while providing easy lending opportunities for Kingdom. Meikles managed the relationship with the client.
Meikles Africa as a strategic shareholder assured Kingdom of success when recapitalisation was required and has enhanced Kingdom's brand image. This strategic relationship has created powerful synergies for mutual benefit.
Commercial Banking
Exploiting the opportunities arising from the strategic relationship with Meikles Africa, Kingdom made its debut into retail banking in January 2001 with in-store branches at High Glen and Chitungwiza TM supermarkets. The target was principally the mass market. This rode on the strong brand Kingdom had created through the Unit Trusts. In-store banking offered low cost delivery channels with minimal investment in brick and mortar. By the end of 2001, thirteen branches were operational across the country. This followed a deliberate strategy for aggressive roll-out of the branches with two flagship branches ïEURïEUR one in Bulawayo and the other in Harare. There was a huge emphasis on an IT driven strategy with significant cross-selling between the commercial bank and other SBUs.
However, it was further discovered that there was a market for the upmarket clients and hence Crown banking outlets were established to diversify the target market. In 2004, after closing three in-store branches in a rationalization exercise, there were 16 in-store branches and 9 Crown banking outlets.
The entrance into commercial banking was probably held at the wrong time, considering the imminent changes in the banking industry. Commercial banking does provide cheap deposits, however at the price of huge staff costs and human resource management complications. Nigel concedes that, with hindsight, this could have been delayed or done at a slower pace. However, the need for increased market share in a fiercely competitive industry necessitated this. Another reason for persisting with the commercial banking project was that of prior agreements with Meikles Africa. It is possible that Meikles Africa had been sold on the equity take-up deal on the back of promises to engage in in-store banking, which would increase revenue for its subsidiaries.
Innovative Products and Services
KFHL continued its aggressive pursuit of product innovation. After the failure of the KFX project, CurrencyKing was established to continue the work. However this was abolished in November 2002 by government ministerial intervention when bureau de change were prohibited in an effort to stamp out parallel market foreign currency trading.
Sadly this governmental decision was misguided for not only did it fail to banish foreign currency parallel trading but it drove underground, made it more lucrative and subsequently the government lost all control of the management of the exchange rate.
In October 2002, KFHL established Kingdom Leasing after being granted a finance house licence. Its mandate was to exploit opportunities to trade in financial leases, lease hire and short term financial products.
Regional Expansion
Around 2000 it became evident that the domestic market was highly competitive, with limited prospects of future growth. A decision was made to diversify revenue streams and reduce country risk through penetration into the regional markets. This strategy would exploit the proven competences in securities trading, asset management and corporate advisory services from a small capital base. Therefore the entrance had low risk in terms of capital injection. Considering the foreign exchange control limitations and shortage of foreign currency in Zimbabwe, this was a prudent strategy but not without its downside, as will be seen in the Botswana venture.
In 2001, KFHL acquired a 25.1% stake in a greenfield banking enterprise in Malawi, First Discount House Ltd. To safeguard its investment and ensure managerial control, an executive director and dealer were seconded to the Malawi venture while Nigel Chanakira chaired the Board. This investment has continued to grow and yield positive returns. As of July 2006 Kingdom had finally managed to up its stake from 25,1% to 40% in this investment and may ultimately control it to the point of seeking a conversion of the license to a commercial bank.
KFHL also took up a 25% equity stake in Investrust Merchant Bank Zambia. Franky Kufa was seconded to it as an executive director while Nigel took a seat on the Board.
KFHL had been promised an option to gain a controlling stake. However when the bank stabilized, the Zambian shareholders entered into some questionable transactions and were not prepared to allow KFHL to up it's stake and so KFHL decided to pull out as relationships turned frosty. The Zambian Central Bank intervened with a promise to grant KFHL its own banking license. This did not materialize as the Zambian Central Bank exploited the banking crisis in Zimbabwe to deny KHFL a licence. A reasonable premium of Z.5 billion was obtained at disinvestment.
In Botswana, a subsidiary called Kingdom Bank Africa Ltd (KBAL) was established as an offshore bank in the International Finance Centre. KBAL was intended to spearhead and manage regional initiatives for Kingdom. It was headed by Mrs Irene Chamney, seconded by Lysias Sibanda with the concurrence of Nigel after managerial challenges in Zimbabwe. Two other senior executives were seconded there. She successfully set up the KBAL's banking infrastructure and had good relations with the Botswana authorities.
However, the business model chosen of an offshore bank ahead of a domestic Botswana merchant bank license turned out to be the Achilles heel of the bank more so when the Zimbabwe banking crisis set in between 2003 and 2005. There were fundamental differences in how Mrs Chamney and Chanakira saw the bank surviving and going forward.
Ultimately, it was deemed prudent for Mrs. Chamney to leave the bank in 2005. In 2001 KFHL acquired the mandate as the sole distributor of the American Express card in the whole of Africa except for RSA. This was handled through KBAL. Kingdom Private Bank was transferred from the discount house to become a subsidiary of KBAL due to the prevailing regulatory environment in Zimbabwe.
In 2004 KBAL was temporarily placed under curatorship due to undercapitalisation. At this stage the parent company had regulatory constraints that prevented foreign currency capital injection.
A solution was found in the sourcing of local partners and the transfer of US million previously realised from the proceeds of the Investrust liquidation to Botswana. Nigel Chanakira took a more active management role in KBAL because of its huge strategic significance to the future of KFHL. Currently efforts are underway to acquire a local commercial bank licence in Botswana as well. Once this is acquired there are two possible scenarios, namely maintaining both licences or giving up the offshore licence.
The interviewees were divided in their opinion on this. However in my view, judging from the stakeholder power involved, KFHL is likely to give up the off shore banking licence and use the local Kingdom Bank Botswana (Pula Bank) licence for regional and domestic expansion.
Human Resources
The staff complement grew from the initial 23 in 1995 to more than 947 by 2003. The growth was consistent with the growing institution. It exploded, especially during the launch and expansion of the commercial bank. Kingdom from inception had a strong human resourcing strategy which entailed significant training both internally and externally. Before the foreign currency crisis, employees were sent for training in such countries as RSA, Sweden, India and the USA. In the person of Faith Ntabeni Bhebhe, Kingdom had an energetic HR driver who created powerful HR systems for the emerging behemoth.
As a sign of its commitment to building the human resource capability, in 1998 Kingdom Financial Services entered a management agreement with Holland based AMSCO for the provision of seasoned bankers. Through this strategic alliance Kingdom strengthened its skills base and increased opportunities for skills transfer to locals. This helped the entrepreneurial bankers create a solid managerial system for the bank while the seasoned bankers from Holland compensated for the youthfulness of the emerging bankers. What a foresight!
In-house self-paced interactive learning, team building exercises and mentoring were all part of the learning menu targeted at developing the human resource capacity of the group. Work and job profiling was introduced to best match employees to suitable posts. Career path and succession planning were embraced. Kingdom was the first entrepreneurial bank to have smooth unforced CEO transitions. The founding CEO passed on the baton to Lysias Sibanda in 1999 as he stepped into the role of Group CEO and board deputy chair. His role was now to pursue and spearhead global and regional niche financial markets. A few years later there was another change of the guard as
Franky Kufa stepped in as Group CEO to replace Sibanda, who resigned on medical grounds. One could argue that these smooth transitions were due to the fact that the baton was passing to founding directors.
With the explosive growth in staff complement due to the commercial bank project, culture issues emerged. Consequently, KFHL engaged in an enculturation programme resulting in a culture revolution dubbed "Team Kingdom". This culture had to be reinforced due to dilutions through significant mergers and acquisitions, significant staff turnover because of increased competition, emigration to greener pastures and the age profile of the staff increased the risk of high mobility and fraudulent activities in collusion with members of the public. Culture changes are difficult to effect and their effectiveness even harder to assess.
In 2004, with a high staff turnover of around 14%, a compensation strategy that ring fenced critical skills like IT and treasury was implemented. Due to the low margins and the financial stress experienced in 2004, KFHL lost more than 341 staff members due to retrenchment, natural attrition and emigration. This was acceptable as profitability fell while staff costs soared. At this stage, staff costs accounted for 58% of all expenses.
Despite the impressive growth, the financial performance when inflation adjusted was mediocre. Actually a loss position was reported in 2004. This growth was severely compromised by the hyperinflationary conditions and the restrictive regulatory environment.
Conclusion
This article shows the determination of entrepreneurs to push through to the realisation of their dreams despite significant odds. In a subsequent article we will tackle the challenges faced by Nigel Chanakira in solidifying his investments.
Institutional Child Care Centers - Its Pros And Cons! (with Health & Product)
